GELOMBANG LONGITUDINAL
Gelombang longitudinal adalah gelombang yang memiliki arah getaran
yang sama dengan arah rambatan. Artinya arah gerakan medium gelombang
sama atau berlawanan arah dengan perambatan gelombang. Gelombang
longitudinal mekanis juga disebut sebagai gelombang mampatan atau
gelombang kompresi.
Untuk mengetahui lebih jelas skema dari gelombang longitudinal, mari kita perhatikan gambar dibawah ini:
Gambar diatas adalah sebuah pegas yang digetarkan di ujungnya. Jika kita
perhatikan gambar diatas kita dapat melihat bahwa arah getarannya
searah dengan arah gelombangnya, maka disebut gelombang longitudinal. Serangkaian rapatan dan regangan merambat sepanjang pegas. Rapatan merupakan daerah di mana kumparan pegas saling mendekat, sedangkan regangan merupakan
daerah di mana kumparan pegas saling menjahui. Jika gelombang
tranversal memiliki pola berupa puncak dan lembah, maka gelombang
longitudinal terdiri dari pola rapatan dan regangan. Panjang gelombang
adalah jarak antara rapatan yang berurutan atau regangan yang
berurutan. Yang dimaksudkan di sini adalah jarak dari dua titik yang
sama dan berurutan pada rapatan atau regangan.
Berikut Contoh-Contoh dari Gelombang Longitudinal :
1. Gelombang pada slinki
Gelombang pada slinki yang ditarik atau
ditekan. panjang gelombang pada gelombang longitudinal didefinisikan sebagai
jarak antara dua pusat rapatan yang berdekatan atau jarak antara dua pusat
renggangan yang berdekatan. Ketika slinki digerakkan maju-mundur maka pada
slinki akan terbentuk rapatan dan renggangan .
·
Rumusnya
adalah:
V= λ
f
V=
λ/T
Keterangan:
T = periode gelombang
V = cepat rambat gelombang (m/s)
λ= panjang gelombang (m)
f = frekuensi gelombang (Hz)
·
Contoh
Soal:
sebuah slinki me4nghasilkan gelombang longitudinal dengan jarak antara pusat
rapatan dan pusat renggangan yang berdekatan 20cm. Jika frekuensi gelombang
60Hz,tentukan cepat rambat gelombang?
JAWAB : jarak antara pusat rapatan dan
renggangan yang berdekatan sama dengan setengah panjang gelombang ½
λ . Jadi
½ λ = 20cm
λ = 40cm = 0,4m
f = 60Hz
Cepat rambat gelombang dihitung dengan persamaan
V = λ f
=0,4 . 60 = 24m/s = 2400 cm/s
Jadi cepat rambat gelombang tersebut
adalah 24 m/s .
2. Gelombang suara di
udara atau bunyi
Gelombang suara di udara atau bunyi ,
misalnya jika kamu sedang menyentuh loudspeaker yang sedang berbunyi,
Semakin besar volume lagu yang diputar, semakin keras loudspeaker bergetar.
Kalau diperhatikan secara seksama, loudspeaker tersebut bergetar maju mundur.
Dalam hal ini loudspeaker berfungsi sebagai sumber gelombang bunyi dan
memancarkan gelombang bunyi (gelombang longitudinal) melalui medium
udara.
Dari pembahasan tersebut kita dapat menyimpulkan :
1. Gelombang merupakan getaran yang merambat dengan laju tertentu melalui
medium tertentu. Medium yang dimaksudkan di sini bisa berupa
tali, air, pegas, tanah dan sebagainya.
2. Medium yang dilalui oleh gelombang hanya bergerak bolak balik pada posisi
setimbangnya, medium tidak merambat seperti gelombang.
Seperti yang ditunjukan gambar berikut
, contoh gelombong suara di udara atau bunyi :
Panjang gelombang dari gelombang
longitudinal. Karena panjang rapatan dan renggangan tidak sama, maka panjang
gelombang sebaiknya kita definisikan dengan istilah pusat rapatan dan pusat
renggangan. Perhatikan ilustrasi pada Gambar 1.5.
Gambar
1.5. panjang gelombang longitudinal
Pada gelombang longitudinal, satu
gelombang (1λ) terdiri dari 1 rapatan dan 1 renggangan. Panjang
gelombang didefinisikan sebagai sebagai jarak antara dua pusat rapatan yang
berdekatan atau jarak antara dua pusat renggangan yang berdekatan. Jarak antara
pusat rapatan dan renggangan yang berdekatan adalah setengah panjang gelombang
atau ½ λ.
Persamaan Dasar Gelombang
·
Jika
cepat rambat gelombang v dan periode getarannya T, maka :
λ = v T atau λ= v/f, v=λf
........................................... 1.1
Dengan
v = cepat rambat gelombang
λ = panjang gelombang
T = periode
f = frekuensi
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
Longitudinal waves are waves that have the same direction with the direction of vibration propagation. It means that the direction of motion medium wave with the same or opposite direction of wave propagation. Mechanical longitudinal wave is also referred to as mampatan wave or compression wave.To know more clearly the scheme of longitudinal waves, let us consider the image below:
Pictured above is a spring which is vibrated at its end. If
we look at the picture above we can see that the direction of vibration
in the direction of the waves, it is called a longitudinal wave. A series of density and strain propagates throughout the spring. Density is an area where the coil spring toward each other, while the strain is an area where each coil spring menjahui. If the transverse wave has a pattern of peaks and valleys, the longitudinal wave consists of pattern density and strain. Wavelength is the distance between successive density or strain sequence. Is meant here is the distance of two points on the same and sequential density or strain.
The following Examples of Longitudinal Wave:
1. Waves on slinkiWaves on slinki drawn or pressed. wavelength
in a longitudinal wave is defined as the distance between two adjacent
central density or the distance between two adjacent renggangan center. When slinki then moved back and forth at will slinki density and renggangan formed.· The formula is:V V = λ f = λ / TDescription:T = wave periodV = wave propagation speed (m / s)λ = wavelength (m)f = frequency (Hz)·
Example Problem: slinki me4nghasilkan a longitudinal wave with the
density and the distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan
center 20cm. If the wave frequency 60Hz, specify the wave propagation speed?ANSWER: distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan density and equal to half the wavelength λ ½. So½ λ = 20cm
λ = 40cm = 0.4 m
f = 60HzWave propagation speed is calculated by the equationV = λ f
= 0.4. 60 = 24m / s = 2400 cm / sSo the wave propagation speed is 24 m / s.
2. Sound waves in the air or noiseSound
waves in the air or sound, for example if you're touching the
loudspeaker is being read, The greater the volume of the song playing,
the louder loudspeaker vibrating. If you look carefully, the loudspeaker vibrates back and forth. In
this case the loudspeaker serves as a source emits sound waves and
sound waves (longitudinal waves) through the medium of air.From these discussions we can conclude:1. Waves are vibrations that propagate with a certain rate through a particular medium. Medium is meant here can be a rope, water, springs, land and so on.2. Medium through which the waves only move back and forth in the equilibrium position, the medium does not propagate as waves.As shown in the following figure, an example of waves of sound in air or the sound:
The wavelength of the longitudinal wave. Because
of the length and density of renggangan not the same, then the
wavelength of the term should be defined by the central density and
central renggangan. Note the illustration in Figure 1.5.
Figure 1.5. longitudinal wavelengthIn the longitudinal wave, the wave (1λ) consists of 1 and 1 renggangan density. Wavelength
is defined as the distance between two adjacent central density or the
distance between two adjacent renggangan center. Density and the distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan is half the wavelength or ½ λ.Basic Wave Equation· If the wave propagation speed v and the vibration period T, then:λ = v T or λ = v / f, v = λf .................................... ....... 1.1Withv = wave propagation speedwavelength λ = T = period f = frequency
T = periode gelombang
V = cepat rambat gelombang (m/s)
λ= panjang gelombang (m)
f = frekuensi gelombang (Hz)
½ λ = 20cm
λ = 40cm = 0,4m
f = 60Hz
Cepat rambat gelombang dihitung dengan persamaan
V = λ f
=0,4 . 60 = 24m/s = 2400 cm/s
Dari pembahasan tersebut kita dapat menyimpulkan :
1. Gelombang merupakan getaran yang merambat dengan laju tertentu melalui medium tertentu. Medium yang dimaksudkan di sini bisa berupa tali, air, pegas, tanah dan sebagainya.
2. Medium yang dilalui oleh gelombang hanya bergerak bolak balik pada posisi setimbangnya, medium tidak merambat seperti gelombang.
Panjang gelombang dari gelombang
longitudinal. Karena panjang rapatan dan renggangan tidak sama, maka panjang
gelombang sebaiknya kita definisikan dengan istilah pusat rapatan dan pusat
renggangan. Perhatikan ilustrasi pada Gambar 1.5.
Gambar
1.5. panjang gelombang longitudinal
Pada gelombang longitudinal, satu
gelombang (1λ) terdiri dari 1 rapatan dan 1 renggangan. Panjang
gelombang didefinisikan sebagai sebagai jarak antara dua pusat rapatan yang
berdekatan atau jarak antara dua pusat renggangan yang berdekatan. Jarak antara
pusat rapatan dan renggangan yang berdekatan adalah setengah panjang gelombang
atau ½ λ.
Persamaan Dasar Gelombang
·
Jika
cepat rambat gelombang v dan periode getarannya T, maka :
λ = v T atau λ= v/f, v=λf ........................................... 1.1
Dengan
v = cepat rambat gelombang
λ = panjang gelombang T = periode f = frekuensi
LONGITUDINAL WAVES
Longitudinal waves are waves that have the same direction with the direction of vibration propagation. It means that the direction of motion medium wave with the same or opposite direction of wave propagation. Mechanical longitudinal wave is also referred to as mampatan wave or compression wave.To know more clearly the scheme of longitudinal waves, let us consider the image below:
Pictured above is a spring which is vibrated at its end. If
we look at the picture above we can see that the direction of vibration
in the direction of the waves, it is called a longitudinal wave. A series of density and strain propagates throughout the spring. Density is an area where the coil spring toward each other, while the strain is an area where each coil spring menjahui. If the transverse wave has a pattern of peaks and valleys, the longitudinal wave consists of pattern density and strain. Wavelength is the distance between successive density or strain sequence. Is meant here is the distance of two points on the same and sequential density or strain.
The following Examples of Longitudinal Wave:
1. Waves on slinkiWaves on slinki drawn or pressed. wavelength in a longitudinal wave is defined as the distance between two adjacent central density or the distance between two adjacent renggangan center. When slinki then moved back and forth at will slinki density and renggangan formed.· The formula is:V V = λ f = λ / TDescription:T = wave periodV = wave propagation speed (m / s)λ = wavelength (m)f = frequency (Hz)· Example Problem: slinki me4nghasilkan a longitudinal wave with the density and the distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan center 20cm. If the wave frequency 60Hz, specify the wave propagation speed?ANSWER: distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan density and equal to half the wavelength λ ½. So½ λ = 20cm
λ = 40cm = 0.4 m
f = 60HzWave propagation speed is calculated by the equationV = λ f
= 0.4. 60 = 24m / s = 2400 cm / sSo the wave propagation speed is 24 m / s.
2. Sound waves in the air or noiseSound waves in the air or sound, for example if you're touching the loudspeaker is being read, The greater the volume of the song playing, the louder loudspeaker vibrating. If you look carefully, the loudspeaker vibrates back and forth. In this case the loudspeaker serves as a source emits sound waves and sound waves (longitudinal waves) through the medium of air.From these discussions we can conclude:1. Waves are vibrations that propagate with a certain rate through a particular medium. Medium is meant here can be a rope, water, springs, land and so on.2. Medium through which the waves only move back and forth in the equilibrium position, the medium does not propagate as waves.As shown in the following figure, an example of waves of sound in air or the sound:
The wavelength of the longitudinal wave. Because
of the length and density of renggangan not the same, then the
wavelength of the term should be defined by the central density and
central renggangan. Note the illustration in Figure 1.5.
Figure 1.5. longitudinal wavelengthIn the longitudinal wave, the wave (1λ) consists of 1 and 1 renggangan density. Wavelength is defined as the distance between two adjacent central density or the distance between two adjacent renggangan center. Density and the distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan is half the wavelength or ½ λ.Basic Wave Equation· If the wave propagation speed v and the vibration period T, then:λ = v T or λ = v / f, v = λf .................................... ....... 1.1Withv = wave propagation speedwavelength λ = T = period f = frequency
The following Examples of Longitudinal Wave:
1. Waves on slinkiWaves on slinki drawn or pressed. wavelength in a longitudinal wave is defined as the distance between two adjacent central density or the distance between two adjacent renggangan center. When slinki then moved back and forth at will slinki density and renggangan formed.· The formula is:V V = λ f = λ / TDescription:T = wave periodV = wave propagation speed (m / s)λ = wavelength (m)f = frequency (Hz)· Example Problem: slinki me4nghasilkan a longitudinal wave with the density and the distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan center 20cm. If the wave frequency 60Hz, specify the wave propagation speed?ANSWER: distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan density and equal to half the wavelength λ ½. So½ λ = 20cm
λ = 40cm = 0.4 m
f = 60HzWave propagation speed is calculated by the equationV = λ f
= 0.4. 60 = 24m / s = 2400 cm / sSo the wave propagation speed is 24 m / s.
2. Sound waves in the air or noiseSound waves in the air or sound, for example if you're touching the loudspeaker is being read, The greater the volume of the song playing, the louder loudspeaker vibrating. If you look carefully, the loudspeaker vibrates back and forth. In this case the loudspeaker serves as a source emits sound waves and sound waves (longitudinal waves) through the medium of air.From these discussions we can conclude:1. Waves are vibrations that propagate with a certain rate through a particular medium. Medium is meant here can be a rope, water, springs, land and so on.2. Medium through which the waves only move back and forth in the equilibrium position, the medium does not propagate as waves.As shown in the following figure, an example of waves of sound in air or the sound:
The wavelength of the longitudinal wave. Because
of the length and density of renggangan not the same, then the
wavelength of the term should be defined by the central density and
central renggangan. Note the illustration in Figure 1.5.Figure 1.5. longitudinal wavelengthIn the longitudinal wave, the wave (1λ) consists of 1 and 1 renggangan density. Wavelength is defined as the distance between two adjacent central density or the distance between two adjacent renggangan center. Density and the distance between the centers of adjacent renggangan is half the wavelength or ½ λ.Basic Wave Equation· If the wave propagation speed v and the vibration period T, then:λ = v T or λ = v / f, v = λf .................................... ....... 1.1Withv = wave propagation speedwavelength λ = T = period f = frequency



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